Beginner Guide

Unit Sizing: How Much to Bet

The most overlooked skill in sports betting

The #1 Reason Bettors Go Broke

It's not bad picks - it's bad bet sizing. You can be a winning handicapper and still lose money if you size bets poorly. Conversely, proper sizing protects you during losing streaks and maximizes gains during hot runs.

What is a "Unit"?

A unit is your standard bet size, expressed as a percentage of your total bankroll. It provides a consistent framework for sizing all your bets.

Defining Your Unit

If your bankroll is

$1,000

and 1 unit = 2%

Then your unit size is

$20

per standard bet

Common Unit Sizes
Bankroll 1% Unit 2% Unit 3% Unit
$500$5$10$15
$1,000$10$20$30
$2,500$25$50$75
$5,000$50$100$150
$10,000$100$200$300

Method 1: Flat Betting

Bet the same amount (1 unit) on every wager, regardless of confidence level.

Pros
  • Simplest approach
  • Removes emotion from sizing
  • Protects against overconfidence
  • Consistent bankroll management
  • Easy to track results
Cons
  • Doesn't maximize edge
  • Treats all bets equally
  • May underbet strong plays
  • Slower bankroll growth
Best for: Beginners, or anyone who struggles with discipline. Until you have a proven track record, flat betting is the safest approach.

Method 2: Confidence-Based Sizing

Vary bet size based on your confidence level, using a 1-5 unit scale.

Rating Units % of Bankroll When to Use
1 Star 1 unit 1-2% Standard play, slight edge
2 Star 1.5 units 2-3% Above average confidence
3 Star 2 units 3-4% Strong edge, high confidence
4 Star 2.5 units 4-5% Rare - very strong edge
5 Star 3 units 5% MAX Extremely rare - max play
Critical Rule: Never exceed 5% on any single bet. Even if you think it's a "lock," variance can destroy you. There are no locks.

Method 3: Kelly Criterion

A mathematical formula that calculates optimal bet size based on your edge and the odds offered.

The Kelly Formula
f* = (bp - q) / b
  • f* = Optimal bet fraction
  • b = Net odds (decimal - 1)
  • p = Your win probability
  • q = Loss probability (1-p)
Kelly Example

You believe the Chiefs have a 58% chance to cover -3, and the odds are -110 (decimal 1.91):

  • b = 0.91 (1.91 - 1)
  • p = 0.58
  • q = 0.42
  • f* = (0.91 × 0.58 - 0.42) / 0.91 = 11.8%

Full Kelly suggests betting 11.8% of your bankroll - but that's aggressive!

Fractional Kelly (Recommended)

Most bettors use a fraction of the Kelly recommendation to account for uncertainty in their probability estimates:

Full Kelly

Maximum growth but extreme variance. Not recommended.

Half Kelly

Recommended. ~75% of optimal growth, much lower variance.

Quarter Kelly

Conservative. For uncertain edges or risk-averse bettors.

When to Adjust Unit Size

Increase Units When:
  • Your bankroll grows significantly (recalculate at +50% or doubled)
  • You have documented long-term positive ROI
  • You add more capital to your bankroll
Decrease Units When:
  • Your bankroll drops significantly (recalculate at -25%)
  • You're on a losing streak (variance protection)
  • You withdraw money from your bankroll
Recalculation Schedule

Many successful bettors recalculate unit size weekly or monthly. Don't adjust mid-week based on short-term results - stick to your schedule.

Unit Sizing Mistakes

Betting Too Large

Risking 10%+ per bet means a short losing streak can wipe you out. Even 5 losses in a row at 10% each leaves you down 40%.

Chasing with Bigger Bets

Doubling after losses to "get even" is a recipe for disaster. This is the fastest way to go broke.

Inconsistent Sizing

Betting $50 one game and $500 the next based on "feel" removes the benefits of proper bankroll management.

No Defined Bankroll

If you don't know your total bankroll, you can't calculate proper unit sizes. Define it first.

Quick Start Guide

1
Define Bankroll

Money you can afford to lose entirely

2
Set Unit = 2%

Conservative starting point

3
Bet Flat

1 unit per bet until profitable

Quick Unit Calculator
Key Rules
  • Never exceed 5% per bet
  • Start with flat betting
  • Recalculate monthly
  • Don't chase losses
  • Track everything